Greetings and peace.
Many close friends have asked me why I believe it is important to baptize children and/or have argued against it. I have always tried my best to explain my faith in this, and have been careful to focus on the word of God. Without it any argument on baptism can have no foundation.
I believe it is important to baptize infants because it is the word of God in Acts 2:38-39 (and other verses as this paper will outline). I also know by grace through faith, and the Holy Spirit who acts as my conscious, that I am able to discern what God teaches us on this matter (1John 3:24; 1Kings 3:12; Psalm 119:125).
What does the Bible say exactly about baptizing infants?
“Peter replied, ‘Repent and be baptized, everyone of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. The promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off – for all whom the Lord our God will call.’ ” –Acts 2:38-39
This passage indicates that the promise of the forgiveness of sins in baptism, and the receiving of the Holy Spirit, is for everyone. For “you and your children” the verse says. Then baptism according to the scripture is meant for children (as much as for adults).
“For I will pour water on the thirsty
land,
and streams on the dry ground;
I will pour out my Spirit on your
offspring,
and my blessing on your
descendants.” –Isaiah 44:3
This verse refers to this promise of baptism for “offspring” another word for child or infant.
The origin of baptism is actually much like circumcision:
“In Him you were also circumcised, in the putting off of the sinful nature, not with a circumcision done by the hands of men but with the circumcision done by Christ, having been buried with him in baptism and raised with him through your faith in the power of God, who raised him from the dead.” Colossians 2:11-12
God’s people out of faith performed circumcision on male infants as a means of recognizing their faith in the Old Testament. In this they recognized the parting of sinful flesh, and reunification with God. As the Last Supper is similar to the Passover meal , so in Christ baptism is similar to circumcision. Just as circumcision is done to infants, so the Sacrament of Baptism is meant for us from infancy as a sign of faith to God. Baptism is meant for the forgiveness of all people, as circumcision is a dedication of the Lord’s people in faith to God in its day.
“When she and the members of her household were baptized, she invited us to her home, ‘If you consider me a believer in the Lord,’ she said, ‘come and stay at my house.’ And she persuaded us.”–Acts 16:15, 33
“Household” in the original Ancient Greek text of the Old Testament is the word “oikos.” This word for the Greeks, and everywhere in the Ancient World would pertain to all who are “held in your house,” including slaves and servants. Even today this applies to servants. When someone in our family has a new baby we consider the child an “addition to our family” or “part of the family.” Young children are also considered part of our family. In our language today “family” is the equivalent to the ancient idea of “household.” Thus, when everyone in the household is baptized, this includes all children.
There are other verses that tell us the apostles baptized all people, which includes children:
“Crispus, the synagogue ruler, and his entire household believed in the Lord; and many of the Corinthians who heard him believed and were baptized.”–Acts 18:8
“Yes, I also baptized the household of Stephanas; beyond that, I don’t remember if I baptized anyone else.”–1Corinthians 1:16
“The Whole Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.” –Mark 1:5
A child is a person. Christ recognizes children as His people and even says we should seek God as children do in Mark 10:13-16. The Gospel in Acts 8:18; 1Corinthians 1:16; and Mark 1:5 tell us “all the household/people” were baptized. This includes children, who God considers people.
“Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” –Matthew 28:19
Baptism is a work of God. This verse in Matthew is the word of Jesus. Rejecting Infant Baptism is to say that the Bible doesn’t say we should baptize children. The argument: children need to learn who Jesus Christ is before they can believe (in order to believe), because they can’t make the personal choice to chose Him is the work of man. For a man to say that he chooses God. We don’t choose God. This is what happens:
“But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me was not without effect. No, I worked harder than all of them – yet not I, but the grace of God that was in me.” –1Corinthians 15:10
By grace through faith in Christ Jesus we are saved, not by our choice. It’s the grace working in us that makes the choice, not us as men. We are what we are, each unique, from birth.
“But when God, who set me apart from birth and called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not consult any man” –Galatians 1:15-16
He set us apart from birth calling us by grace. Note Paul says he did not consult any man. This includes himself, a man. We do not have to wait until we can consult our human sense of reason in order to be baptized because we are set apart at birth. We are called from infancy.
“For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith – and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God”–Ephesians 2:5
Our choice is not from ourselves, but by grace because the Holy Spirit is working in us.
In Matthew 28:19 God commands us to “make disciples” that is to raise our children and to befriend others of all kinds. “All nations” means here all people of race/age/physical shape etc. of all nations. Children are part of “all nations.”
From the following verses:
“If anyone causes one of the little ones who believe in Me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.” –Matthew 18:6
“Unless a man is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. Flesh gives birth to flesh.” –John 3:5-6
God does work through children and God works in the lives of infants. Do we have to wait until we are near adolescence for our lives to start mattering, because before this time there was no purpose for God in our lives? No! God matters in our life, for our whole life, even when we are in infancy.
Children can believe as seen in Mark 10:13-16:
“People were bringing little children to Jesus to have Him touch them, but the disciples rebuked them. When Jesus saw this, He was indignant. He said to them, ‘Let the little children come to Me and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. I tell you the truth, anyone who will not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will never enter it.’ And He took the children in His arms, put His hands on them and blessed them.”
Once, a six-year-old girl smiled to me and said, “Jesus loves me.” And I knew she knew God in her heart. Children can believe. God by grace through faith works through children. A forty-year-old man cannot say that he is closer to God and able to choose God because he has more experience and has better reasoning skills than a twenty-year-old man. Grace of God works in us not when our ability to choose is reasonable. This is to put faith at the level of man’s ability to reason. Faith and grace are not dependent on the reason of man. There is no set age we must wait to receive baptism. The Holy Bible encourages us to baptize infants, because faith works through us even then, as our parents raise us. Baptism is ageless. Baptism fosters faith and encourages a life of God in children.
For infants it is the only means which they can be born again as read in John 3:5-6: “Unless a man is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. Flesh gives birth to flesh.”
Oswald Riess explains in What Does the Bible Say? “Infants, too, are to be baptized because Holy Baptism is the only means whereby infants, who, too, must be born again to enter the kingdom of God, can ordinarily be regenerated and brought to faith. . . The Bible says nothing about the fate of infants who die without Baptism. We hope that God has some way of saving them without means of grace. While He has bound us to the use of these means, He has not bound himself. However, we have no definite assurance on the matter. God wisely withheld this information from us so that we might not neglect to baptize our infants as soon as possible. (65, 68)
It is not the Sacrament of Baptism alone that saves us, but faith in God and recognizing that through baptism we receive the forgiveness of sins and become reborn in Christ. Therefore, a person who is not baptized will not be condemned. The thief on the cross was not necessarily baptized, yet he was saved by faith (Luke 23:42-43). However, baptism is part of God’s law commanded by Christ himself that we should follow by faith. If we have the opportunity to be baptized then, we should, and if we refuse to when we can then we demonstrate a lack of faith in God’s law. The thief on the cross was dying and did not have the opportunity to get baptized, but he did show his faith to Jesus. His faith by grace saved him. To refuse baptism is to reject the gift: forgiveness of sins, which Christ offers us through baptism. It is the lack of faith in God’s promise found in baptism which will condemn you if you are not careful.
In confirmation part of the lesson I did on baptism from the lesson book: Pathlight: This We Believe by David Anderson and William Ney shows three modern parables for the case of Infant Baptism, which I would like to share with you:
“a) A mother talking with her child’s doctor says, “I won’t allow my child to have any immunizations until he is old enough to understand the reason for receiving them” (53).
The child in the same way is ill with sin, and baptism serves like an immunization, while God is the doctor. The doctor offers the child immunization from sin, but if we refuse to allow God to treat the child and promote good health, then the child could die in sin.
“b) A father talking with his teenage daughter says, “Before I’ll allow you to receive a driver’s license, you will have to list all of the parts of the engine, describe how the parts of the engine work to move the car, take apart the engine, and put the engine back together.” (53).
You don’t need to know that much about the car to drive it. Only the mechanic needs to know this much information. We know that faith works, but we do not know every little detail of the way God works faith in us. He builds faith in us in ways that are unseen. Much of our faith we can only explain so far, and the rest is trusting in God. In the same way, baptism is like a driver’s license and the Holy Spirit is the engine that drives us. Only God knows how the engine works within us. Rather than trying to pick faith apart, we should be exercising it, by using our license. Let the teen drive and taking driver’s lessons with them. This includes baptism, where we offer the license in baptism and then in raising the child teach the child to drive, watching over them, and leading them to become a good driver.
“c) The parent of a child you babysit says, “Don’t give my child a bath. I won’t allow him to take a bath until he understands the benefits of bathing” (53)
Every parent knows the importance of good hygiene, that in order to take care of the body, the body must be cleaned of its dirt. Baptism is the same thing for God. He wants to wash us clean from our sin. He wants us to clean everyone, even our children. We do not just wait until our children turn thirteen and say, to our very dirty kids, “Now I am going to explain to you the significance of bathing and you will be bathed for the first time.” No, bathing is like faith. We need to exercise it regularly. We need to provide for children a clean environment spiritually, which encourages them in faith. Baptism is a part of doing this. It is the first bath, the first step of faith for infants, if we offer it to them. Later, as their faith grows the children become in charge of washing themselves, yet are still encouraged by family and fellow Christians to wash. It will be their faith that confirms they believe in the benefits they received in baptism.
“Train a child in the way he should
go,
and when he is old he will not turn
from it.” –Proverbs 22:6
“Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and everyone who loves the father loves his child as well. This is how we know that we love the children of God: by loving God and carrying out his commands.” –1John 51-2
“Repent and be baptized, everyone of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. The promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off – for all whom the Lord our God will call.” –Acts 2:38-39
We must baptize children because it is the parents’ responsibility to raise the child in the teachings of Christ, and to encourage the Holy Spirit to work in infants, even while they are young. God has commanded us to baptize our children in the Bible. By carrying out His command we show our faith and we foster that bond that is between God and children. In the Sacrament of Baptism God offers the forgiveness of sins to all, even children, that they may be reborn by the water and the spirit. Until they are “reborn by water and the spirit [into faith] they are only born by flesh” (John 3:5-6). We cannot guarantee babies need to be baptized so they can go to heaven. However, if we do not encourage faith in infants, then we fail to do the Lord’s work in guiding children as they grow in faith. Faith cannot be forced, but it can be encouraged. It is important to recognize that baptism is not forced upon us. It is a means by which we can encourage others, an offering and a gift God gives freely, and a sacrament in which our parents/guardians/fellow Christians can demonstrate their commitment to encouraging our faith.
Your brother in Christ Jesus,
James H. J. Prophet
1Peter 3:15
Works Consulted
Anderson, David and William Ney. Pathlight: This We Believe. St. Louis: Concordia
Publishing House, 1991. (Where the confirmation parables come from. Also a good source for young teens to learn about the power and benefits of baptism.)
Concordia Self-Study Bible: New International Version. Ed. Hoerber, Robert G. St.
Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1984. (A scholarly read of the Bible which helpfully footnotes and links many verses. It also explains the relationship between circumscision and baptism in the footnotes on Colossians 2:11 and 12 very well.)
Luther, Martin. Luther’s Small Catechism with Explanations. (Which is the basis of
reading the bible carefully. In the extra explanations Luther goes into detail about the importance of Baptizing infants with Biblical support.)
New International Version Archaeological Study Bible: An illustrated walk through
Biblical history and culture. Michigan: International Bible Society, 2005. (This Bible is a useful tool for describing the history behind baptism.)
Riess, Oswald. What Does the Bible Say?: A book of instruction in the Christian Faith.
International Bible Society, 1985. (The lesson plans of this book are excellent for anyone needing to explore Christian Issues, the Sacrements, Creeds, the Lord’s Prayer, etc. Its approach on baptism is in depth and concise, and, where I have drawn much of my line of reasearch from.)